The solar market is in flux, due in part to global trade tensions. A Los Angeles Times article on July 7 stated that Trump’s tariff can disrupt the solar power industry, noting that “once you launch a trade war, it’s very hard to control the consequences.”

As the prices of solar panels fluctuate amid uncertainty, who are the real victims of the trade war when it comes to energy?




Who will be the real victims in energy from China-US trade war?


The trade conflict erupted since the Trump administration started publicly considering tariffs on imports last summer, mostly from China and other Asian countries.

On June 15, Trump declared tariffs on 34 billion US dollars’ worth of Chinese imports, and China immediately retaliated by raising tariffs on US shipments of farm produce, dairy products and automobiles. Three days later, the White House declared that the United States would impose additional 10 percent tariffs on another 200 billion US dollars’ worth of Chinese imports if China retaliated against the US tariffs.

Actually, the United States announced in January that it would impose temporary tariffs on imports of solar cells and solar panels from China. This has turned energy into a key area of the trade war.

Many energy entrepreneurs are realizing that the beautiful dreams espoused by their president are also being destroyed by him, though the energy cooperation deals with a combined value of 163.7 billion US dollars signed during Trump’s visit to China still remain in effect.

One of the deals is a memorandum of understanding signed by China Energy Investment Corp to invest 83.7 billion US dollars in shale gas, power and chemical projects in West Virginia. There’s also another agreement worth 11 billion US dollars between Petro-China and Chenille energy.

Thanks to shale gas, the US has transformed from an energy importer to an exporter. Meanwhile, China’s goal of green development has seen it focusing more on using cleaner energy, such as natural gas.

Since China can be a large market for US energy exports, collaboration is a win-win deal, even if neither side wants to admit it.

However, due to the escalation in the China-US trade war, a scheduled trip by the delegation from China Energy Investment Corp to West Virginia was canceled this June.

This means that energy enterprises are the real victims in this ongoing conflict. They are losing access to the largest market in the world as well as a cheap supply of renewable energy products.

Since energy security is a challenge that should be tackled by all countries in order to meet the UN’s sustainable development goals, one should consider the consequences that this trade war poses to the world.
 Jon Gelleran, a veterinarian in Denver, Colorado, US, has set up the "The Street Dog Coalition", a mobile street veterinary clinic, to give free veterinary services to pets of homeless people.

The coalition is staffed by volunteer veterinarians from all over the US. Veterinarians gave the pets free medical care and other services at the center, including microchips and vaccines.

The animals were also tested for, and if the result found negative, they were given heartworm medication. The veterinarians also gave general examinations for all the animals.

More than 100 dogs and cats received free medical treatment thanks to volunteer veterinarians at "The Street Dog Coalition".

Veterinarians in Denver provide free treatment for pets of homeless people

Veterinarians in Denver provide free treatment for pets of homeless people

Veterinarians in Denver provide free treatment for pets of homeless people

Veterinarians in Denver provide free treatment for pets of homeless people

If you have ever been criticized for a sense of style, this information will definitely come in handy. Perhaps you just unconsciously understood how to break outdated rules, and adhere to current trends. If you know what rules are based on the current fashion, you can reasonably answer the criticism next time. No one can find fault with your sports sneakers in combination with a dress!

15 out of date fashion rules, which we continue to follow

1- Do not wear open shoes with socks or pantyhose 

1- Do not wear open shoes with socks or pantyhose

Over men who wear sandals with socks, still laugh. Nevertheless, in the female image, this combination is not just appropriate, but it is also considered incredibly stylish. If you decide to try this combination, remember that socks should be interesting and unusual, since they will be the central part of your image. It is also possible to wear tights with open shoes, but only if they are very dense and dark. In addition, they should not have any visible seams. Then you will look quite elegant and stylish.

2- Big breasts should be emphasized, and small ones should be hidden, or vice versa. 

Big breasts should be emphasized, and small ones should be hidden, or vice versa


Stereotypes associated with breast size appear due to complexes, and not because of fashion trends. There are no rules indicating how large a breast should be hidden or visually stressed. A woman should think about it, based on her own preferences, mood and situation.

3-Prohibitions after a certain age 

Prohibitions after a certain age


There are a huge number of such rules: you can not wear things with a funny figure or pink after seventeen, a mini-shirt after thirty-five, cut it shortly to fifty. It would be high time to leave such stereotypes in the past. A modern woman should not limit herself to such conventionality as age, she must wear something that helps her feel comfortable. Fashion approves absolutely any bold decisions, if they look stylish and appropriate.

4-You can not wear the same things several times 

You can not wear the same things several times


This rule arose many years ago, it was dictated by clothing manufacturers, who needed to push consumers to more frequent spending. Modern fashion focuses not on financial superiority, but on individuality - even famous women of fashion are not afraid to appear in the same thing or buy clothes from budget brands. Blind consumption and demonstration of their prosperity look strange and impressive only for teenagers, even in expensive stores now focus on quality and functionality.

5-It is necessary to wear a belt with jeans or trousers 

It is necessary to wear a belt with jeans or trousers


In earlier times, it was believed that trousers with belt loops must be worn with this accessory. Now this rule is considered obsolete for both men and women. If the pants suit you and your image does not require a belt, you can do without it. This will no longer be fashionable miss, as before.

6-The bag must be in shoe color 

The bag must be in shoe color


This is one of the oldest rules associated with fashion - shoes and a bag should be the same color. In fact, now this combination is considered undesirable. When you choose a bag and shoes, choose shades that look harmonious, but do not look for the same color.

7-Pedicure and manicure should be the same color 

Pedicure and manicure should be the same color


Nails on the arms and legs do not need to be the same color. This rule appeared long ago, when lacquer producers produced a limited number of colors. Now the choice of shades is much broader, so that women do not necessarily have to obey the outdated recommendation. Nails of different colors look stylish, even if they are on one hand or foot - just make sure that the shades fit into your image. For example, neon colors will not look good with office clothing, but they will suit the beach.

8-The image is not finished without a suitable styling 

The image is not finished without a suitable styling


Modern fashion fully admits unfinished images. It is enough to wash and dry your hair or make a careless bunch, it all looks quite attractive. You decide which style you prefer, strict rules no longer exist. An ideal hairstyle with a hat fitted to it is necessary only for special occasions, and in everyday life you do not have to worry about it.

9-Cosmetics are compulsory 

Cosmetics are compulsory


The rules associated with cosmetics are similar to those relating to styling. Thin lips or a long nose is no longer considered a failure, so there is no need to try to hide them. Deficiencies of the skin need to be treated, and not hide under a thick layer of foundation. If you have a fresh and rested look, you can do without any make-up. It's a privilege, not a fashion blunder. You can only use mascara or lipstick, and experiment with natural make-up. Strict rules about cosmetics do not exist anymore, you just need to strive for an aesthetic result.

10-It is forbidden to buy things, the color of which does not go 

It is forbidden to buy things, the color of which does not go


If some shades do not fit the color of your skin, just do not wear them from the face. Bags, shoes, trousers, skirts of any shade fit to any appearance. Pay attention also, that there is a sub-base - you can pick up a pallet of any color to your face.

11- You can not wear silver and gold at the same time 

You can not wear silver and gold at the same time


The stereotype, which said that white metals and yellow are not combined, has remained in the past. He was invented in those days when gold was considered a symbol of wealth and high status. Modern jewelers and designers mix different metals. The combination is usually very interesting and expressive.

12- In one image there should not be more than three colors 

In one image there should not be more than three colors


This rule is appropriate only if you are invited to tea by the queen or when the office has a strict dress code. In other cases, nothing should limit the number of colors to your image. The main thing is that they combine with each other and the result is aesthetic. If you have bright accessories, this does not mean that the shades of attire should match them. Just pay attention to the overall look.

13-Do not wear earrings with a necklace 

Do not wear earrings with a necklace


Multilayer jewelry and a combination of chains with earrings are now considered very stylish. When you choose accessories, pay attention not to the quantity, but to the overall look of the combination. For example, large shining earrings with the same necklace will look strange on a walk in the park, but delicate earrings, pendant and bracelet are quite suitable. Focus on the situation and other details of your image.

14-Sports things are only suitable for sports 

Sports things are only suitable for sports


Once, wearing sports things outside the gym was appropriate only for children and provincials. Nevertheless, a healthy lifestyle has become very popular, and therefore sports style has become an important part of the everyday wardrobe. No one is surprised by the combination of skirts and sneakers, fashion has become democratic and convenient. Nevertheless, it is necessary to assess how sporty the image can be. Clothes should be comfortable, but not negligent - leggings with sneakers all the same should be worn only for training.

Different patterns and patterns do not match 

Using different prints in one image is not easy, for this you need talent and a sense of style, however with a successful result you will look incredibly stylish and beautiful. Therefore, the rule prohibiting the combination of different drawings, is already considered obsolete. If you are sure that you will succeed, you can quite experiment. In addition, even celebrities are making mistakes. 
Thirty-four undocumented migrants, including at least five children, were rescued by the Turkish coast guard on Friday, according to Turkey’s state-run Anadolu Agency.
They were stranded on a small island called the Bogaz off the coast of Cesme, in the province of Izmir.
Coast guard teams and helicopters were dispatched to evacuate the migrants. One migrant was reportedly still missing on the island. Search and rescue operations are underway.
The group was believed to have gotten stranded while trying to cross to the Greek island of Chios illegally, although details are unknown.

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

34 stranded migrants rescued by Turkish Coast Guard

"Avengers: Infinity War" is a successful movie of 2018 that broke all kinds of records at the box office. There were a lot of famous actors in the movie, check out 9 adorable pictures from their childhood.

Mark Ruffalo / The Hulk
9 Adorable photos of Avengers actors when they were young children

Tom Hiddleston / Loki
9 Adorable photos of Avengers actors when they were young children

Chris Hemsworth / Thor
Chris Hemsworth / Thor

Chris Evans / Captain America
Chris Evans / Captain America

Dave Bautista / Drax The Destroyer
Dave Bautista / Drax The Destroyer

Pom Klementieff / Mantis
Pom Klementieff / Mantis

Zoe Saldana / Gamora
Zoe Saldana / Gamora

Chris Pratt / Star-Lord
Chris Pratt / Star-Lord

Karen Gillan / Nebula
Karen Gillan / Nebula

When a 45-year-old woman’s leg became caught in the gap between an Orange Line train and the platform Friday afternoon, she was in agony. The cut on her leg went down to the bone.

Beyond her pain, she had another fear. Shaking and crying, she begged people not to call an ambulance. “Do you know how much an ambulance costs?” she wept.

Her fellow passengers rushed to her aid. One man stood behind her so she could lean on him. Another passenger placed a cold bottle of water to her leg. And at least 10 people pushed on the car together, moving it just enough for the woman to pull free, according to a video of the accident the MBTA released Monday.

Please don’t call the ambulance: Woman tells rescuers after a horrific injury


Marleny Polanco said she was at Mass. Ave. Station at the peak of rush hour when she heard the woman scream. Immediately, a group of men were there to help push the train away from the platform, Polanco said. “It all just happened so fast,” Polanco said. “I think within a minute or so, she was able to pull her leg out.”

A few people helped wrap her leg in a compress, Polanco said. Despite her injuries, the woman did not want anyone to call an ambulance, saying it would cost her thousands of dollars.

Polanco, who lives in Lawrence, said she didn’t think the accident was the woman’s fault, saying the gap between the platform and the train cart was too wide.

The gap was 5 inches, MBTA officials said.

The woman’s painful calculation that she could not afford an ambulance has drawn wide attention after a Globe reporter who witnessed the aftermath of the platform accident posted about it on Twitter. The post has received more than 6,700 retweets and 13,000 likes.

On Monday, the New York Times editorial board wrote about the accident under the headline “This Tweet Captures the State of Health Care in America Today.” On Twitter, people registered their outrage that the cost of medical treatment could prevent someone from seeking urgent care.

According to a police report, the woman suffered no broken bones but her left thigh suffered a “serious laceration, exposing the bone” and would need surgery. She was taken to Boston Medical Center.

The accident happened at 5:30 p.m. Emergency medical officials arrived within minutes, according to the police report.

Jim Hooley, chief of Boston EMS, said an ambulance transporting people within the city would cost between $1,200 to $1,900 at most for patients with the most pressing needs, like resuscitation.

“We just worry about taking care of people,” Hooley said. “We don’t want to cause them more stress. We just want to reassure them that nothing bad is going to happen to them because of their inability to pay.”
New reports and conceptual designs allow us to imagine what the folding phone will be like with which Microsoft wants to start a new product category.

If you thought that Microsoft had thrown the towel forever in the segment of mobile phones after the sale of its division integrated by Nokia phones, you were wrong, or at least that suggests a series of patents, product concepts and rumors that do not stop of sneaking on the Internet.

More evidence of the folding phone of Microsoft emerge


After The Verge a few days ago released some images of how it will be a folding phone from Microsoft, now Patently Apple arrives with new images of the device, in a concept that follows detail in detail the description of the product reflected in the patents to give us an idea of ​​what the phone would be like.

This project of Microsoft would be known under the name of "Andromeda", and with it the company wants to create a "new and disruptive" product category, which would erase the lines between what is considered PC and mobile.

The new pocket device would be a versatile personal computer. Its design reminds us slightly of the ZTE Axon M with a hinge in the middle, although the main difference is that the Microsoft phone - computer can be separated in two.

This Microsoft device would also be compatible with a special pen, capable of allowing you to write manually and make that writing become Word text, for example. If it is real, this phone - computer could surprise Apple, Google or Samsung, who keep their portfolios with phones, tablets and traditional computers, at least for the moment.
A woman from Tunisia’s moderate Islamic party was elected on Tuesday as mayor of the capital city, Tunis, the first time a woman holds the post.

Souad Abderrahim, a 54-year-old pharmacist of the Ennahdha party, won the post in the second round of voting by the municipal council. She defeated her top rival, Kamel Idir, of the party Nida Tounes, founded by the Tunisian president.

First female mayor elected for Tunisia’s capital


Abderrahim, a former lawmaker and militant for women’s rights, doesn’t wear a veil. She was the only winner so far among a half-dozen women from the Ennahdha party who competed for mayoral posts in the region around Tunis.
Tunisia’s municipal elections were held May 6, but newly-elected municipal councils are only now voting for mayors.

In 2016, Ennahdha declared that it was separating politics from religion, stepping away from the notion of political Islam typically embodied by Islamic parties.

Abderrahim said in an interview with The Associated Press during campaigning that cleaning up the capital and planting trees would be her first priority.

She also said that the female candidates put forth by her party constitute a “message aimed at reassuring the women of my country” that advances made by women in the North African nation would not be compromised by her party.

Tunisia has been the most advanced among Arab nations regarding women’s rights since gaining independence from France in 1956, with its first president Habib Bourguiba enshrining some principles of equality of men and women in the constitution.

Presidential and parliamentary elections are set for 2019
Legendary designer and bibliophile Karl Lagerfeld made a pitch for immortality Tuesday by setting his Chanel Paris haute couture show in front of the Academie Francaise.

The venerable institution, whose members are known as "the immortals," was the centerpiece of a spectacular set featuring the banks of the Seine that Lagerfeld had built inside the Grand Palais in the French capital.

Everything from the bouquinistes booksellers – dressed in Chanel of course – with their vintage Vogue magazines and tomes on Chanel, to the Paris pavements and embankments was recreated in staggeringly realistic detail.

Legendary designer Karl Lagerfeld reaches for immortality with Chanel Paris show

All it lacked to pass for the real thing was the tourist tat and a few beggars.

At 84, the Kaiser is now too old to be admitted into any of the academies housed below the gilded dome of Institut de France which act as the guardians of French culture.

Lagerfeld is in fact nearly a decade over the age limit to be a sage, yet the German-born designer shows no signs of slowing.

He still designs for Chanel in Paris and Fendi in Rome – even though of late he has been a little doddery on his feet.

There was, however, almost a spring in his step on Tuesday as he took the bow for a classily restrained autumn winter haute couture collection marked by slit dresses and sleeves.

Legendary designer Karl Lagerfeld reaches for immortality with Chanel Paris show

Legendary designer Karl Lagerfeld reaches for immortality with Chanel Paris show

"Karl is as fresh as a bridegroom," Conde Nast maven Karina Dobrotvorskaya cooed on Instagram over her picture of him with his "bride," the traditional finale of couture shows.

Lagerfeld's godsons Hudson and Jameson Kroenig – the sons of his favorite male model, the square-jawed American Brad Kroenig – were also at his side after playing the part of riverside booksellers in the show with their father.

Like the Dior show the previous day, Lagerfeld went for a refined sobriety of sharply-cut black and grey slit dresses, worn over short thigh-riding miniskirts.

Many were lit up by flashes of crystals, feathers and glittery-edged embroidery, which pointed up the zipped slit arms.

While much of the collection had a revved-up retro late 1940s feel with models' hair styled in cockerel quiffs and some wearing fascinator hats, there were also Belle Epoque Victorian flourishes in satin and tulle dresses with glittery tweed capes and long fingerless gloves.

Legendary designer Karl Lagerfeld reaches for immortality with Chanel Paris show
Haute couture shows – which only take place in Paris – are the creme de la creme of fashion.

Thousands of hours of work sometimes goes into the handmade dresses that can only be afforded by the richest women on the planet.

The label is accorded by the French industry ministry to acknowledge traditional craftsmanship in hand-sewn, custom-made garments using strict criteria.

Only 14 fashion houses currently boast the recognition, including Chanel, Christian Dior, Giambattista Valli, Givenchy, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Maison Margiela, Schiaparelli, Alexis Mabille and Stephane Rolland.
An aspiring teacher in northwest China’s Shaanxi Province was notified that she would not eligible to enter the profession because of her height on June 13, shortly before graduating from Shaanxi Normal University.

The woman surnamed Li attended a school-organized health examination on May 29, where she was measured to be 140 centimeters tall. She was later informed that she was 10 centimeters shorter than the required height to apply for a teaching qualification. According to an official notification co-issued by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government and the Shaanxi Health and Family Planning Commission, “Men who are under 155 centimeters high and women under 150 centimeters high” would fail the health examination, which is a necessity for seeking a teaching qualification.

Woman denied from teaching Job because of her height

The situation seems to be a deadlock for Li, since she was enrolled as a “tuition-free pedagogical student” by the university four years ago. Launched at six universities in China in 2007, the tuition-free program is a major policy aiming to cultivate professional teachers and educators. It allows students, especially students from poverty-stricken areas, to receive a free undergraduate education in exchange for working as teachers for at least 10 years (shortened to six years in 2018) in elementary and secondary education. Those who break the promise will get negative records in their academic and personal credibility evaluations, in addition to a large fine. Their absence in teaching will also cause further losses to the state’s basic education system.

However, Li was not informed of the height requirement until the very end of her undergraduate education, and the requirement was not mentioned in the enrollment guide of Shaanxi Normal University. In addition, she has accepted an offer from a school, which means she is both facing the dilemma of violating the “tuition-free” deal and the labor contract she signed.

Although the Teachers Law of the People's Republic of China does not prescribe a height limit for teachers, height and weight restrictions for teachers have existed in many provincial policies for years so that students will have a teacher tall enough to reach the blackboard.

Li’s case has ignited concern over China's education system, with crowds arguing it pays too much attention to trivial things like height, instead of someone's ability, which is what truly matters. Others believe the restriction discriminates against people with dwarfism and people who are overweight.

The controversy is now of great importance to education systems around the country. In response, places like Sichuan and Jiangxi provinces, as well as Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, have lifted the restrictions to accord with practical demands. The Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government also announced plans to lift the restriction the next year, and make exceptions for Li and similar cases.
As world tennis fans tuned in for the 132nd Wimbledon championships which kicked off on Monday, Swedish animal photographer Geert Weggen has captured wild squirrels warming up for the game.
The cute rodents may not be professional tennis players, but when they appeared at Weggen’s backyard and saw the miniature court set up by the photographer, the pair grew curious and picked up the rackets.
During their game, an unexpected guest bullfinch joined and appeared to take on the role of umpire. Weggen captured the funny moment when the red squirrels cornered the bird as if two unhappy players arguing with their umpire in an actual game.

Squirrels warm-up for Wimbledon championships

Squirrels warm-up for Wimbledon championships

Squirrels warm-up for Wimbledon championships

Squirrels warm-up for Wimbledon championships

Squirrels warm-up for Wimbledon championships

A Russian teenage activist was among four people detained after she staged a protest outside the soccer World Cup stadium in St. Petersburg on Tuesday, lying down in a bloodied shirt in what she said was a bid to draw attention to the country’s problems.

Russia has pledged to hold a safe and secure World Cup, putting on its best face to host the world’s most prestigious soccer tournament.

“We wanted to draw attention to the fact that no matter what you show foreigners, things on the inside aren’t that good and pretty,” 16-year-old Lika Petrovskaya told Reuters.

Young activists detained in Russian after protest outside St. Petersburg stadium


“No matter the pretty things that are shown, people in Russia are still suffering.”

OVD-Info, a human rights organization that monitors detentions, said that three other activists, including two minors, had been detained along with Petrovskaya outside the stadium.

The local branch of the Interior Ministry could not immediately be reached for comment.

Petrovskaya lay for a few minutes at the foot of a statue of Zabivaka, the wolf that serves as the tournament’s mascot, outside the St. Petersburg venue where Sweden beat Switzerland 1-0 in their round of 16 match on Tuesday.

She was not detained the first time she lay down by the statue despite the presence of security officers, and voluntarily stepped away when tourists asked her to move so they could take a picture. But she said she was detained by police when she returned for a second attempt.

Petrovskaya said one of the issues she was protesting was the imprisonment of Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov, who is being held in a Siberian jail.

Sentsov was sentenced to 20 years in a maximum security prison in 2015 after being found guilty of setting fire to two offices in Crimea, including one belonging to Russia’s ruling political party, after Moscow annexed the territory from Ukraine. He was also convicted of plotting to blow up a statue.

Last month, Russian activists held a covert protest on a central Moscow street popular with World Cup fans to call on the Kremlin to release Sentsov.
No one wins in a trade war. Yet US President Donald Trump seems determined to pursue one with China, which he accuses of causing America’s trade deficit, violating World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, and using unfair practices to acquire foreign technology.

While most economists marvel at Trump’s ignorance of how trade balances work, many broadly agree with his charges regarding intellectual property (IP). But the evidence supporting these claims is also weak, at best.

The so-called Section 301 trade investigation launched by Trump’s administration last year accused China of acquiring foreign technologies using discriminatory licensing restrictions, unfair technology-transfer agreements, targeted outbound investment, unauthorized intrusions into US commercial computer networks, and cyber-enabled IP theft.

Trump's weak case against China: Opinion


“The weight of the evidence,” the report concludes, shows that China uses foreign-ownership restrictions to force US companies to provide their technologies to Chinese entities.

But the case is not nearly as strong as the report makes it out to be. For starters, because Chinese firms are not starved for capital – thanks to China’s chronic savings glut – gaining access to foreign technologies is their main motivation for trying to attract direct investment from abroad. Under WTO rules, they are free to seek technology transfer from their foreign partners on a commercial and voluntary basis.

Fortunately for China, foreign firms have been more than willing to enter its market, not least because of its preferential treatment of direct investment. In fact, for decades, foreign and domestic firms alike have willingly accepted China’s “market access for technology” strategy, which required foreign investors to “import” advanced technology in exchange for entering the Chinese market.

Whatever downside they may see to this approach, the fact remains that foreign enterprises – including completely foreign-owned companies and foreign partners of Chinese firms – have benefited greatly from their investments in China. A 2006 World Bank report put the average rate of return for foreign multinationals in China at 22 percent.

According to a report compiled by the Conference Board of World Enterprises, the average rate of return on capital for American multinationals in China in 2008 was 33 percent.

That said, the earnings before interest and taxes of foreign enterprises in China had been worsening since 2009, but in 2017 the situation improved. This is an issue that the Chinese government must take seriously. In any case, no one can claim that foreign companies were forced to operate in the Chinese market.

The argument that US firms have been compelled to transfer their technology to China thus lacks significance.

In fact, that argument was never backed by persuasive evidence. While the office of the US Trade Representative (USTR), which compiled the Section 301 report, claims to have conducted many surveys, all respondents are anonymous, and their assertions are little more than hearsay – nothing that would be admissible in a court of law.

And, even if regarded as true, such claims would not definitively prove that forcing foreign enterprises to transfer their technology is prevalent in China.

The Section 301 report’s accusations regarding outbound investment – namely, that China uses “government capital and highly opaque investor networks to facilitate high-tech acquisitions abroad” – are similarly flimsy. The USTR assumes that China’s government not only has a clearly defined investment strategy, but also that an army of obedient firms is willingly carrying it out.

Yet the American Enterprise Institute reports that from 2005 to 2016, Chinese companies have made just 202 investments, including mergers and acquisitions, in the US, only 16 of which – totaling 21 billion US dollars – were in technology sectors. Chinese investors spent far more than that – 94 billion US dollars – on real estate in the US from 2013 to 2016.

The sectoral distribution of Chinese firms’ outward investment indicates that there is not even an effective market mechanism at work driving Chinese firms to invest in a rational way. Instead, companies are making independent – and often irrational – investment decisions, which sometimes lead to large losses.

The final issue raised by the Section 301 report relates to the cyber-enabled theft of IP and sensitive commercial information, which the US claims is carried out by the Chinese government. The report acknowledges that since 2015 – when China and the US agreed that neither would “conduct or knowingly support cyber-enabled theft of intellectual property, including trade secrets or other confidential business information for commercial advantage” – the number of detected incidents of Chinese cyber-espionage has declined.

Yet some US officials insist that this likely reflects a shift toward more centralized, practiced, and sophisticated attacks by a smaller number of actors.

The truth is that China has been making steady progress in its protection of property rights. As Nicholas Lardy of the Peterson Institute of International Economics points out, “China’s payments of licensing fees and royalties for the use of foreign technology have soared in recent years, reaching almost 30 billion US dollars last year, nearly a four-fold increase over the last decade.”

In fact, Lardy continues, “China probably ranks second globally in the magnitude of licensing fees paid for technology used within national borders.”

The Section 301 report was, it seems clear, based on rumor, imagination, and half-truths. The obvious question is how the Trump administration can base a policy decision as consequential as trade tariffs – which could trigger a catastrophic trade war – on such weak evidence. The obvious answer is that the report was intended to justify, rather than inform, the policy.

This is not to say that the issues raised by the Section 301 report are mere fantasy, or that China’s fulfillment of its WTO commitments has been impeccable. On the contrary, China has plenty of room to improve its WTO compliance, especially when it comes to opening up its financial-services sector and strengthening IP protections.

But trade-related issues should be addressed within the WTO framework, with the US using that body’s resolution mechanisms to address its grievances. In lieu of such an approach by the Trump administration, China should consider launching a new round of WTO negotiations in cooperation with Australia, Canada, the European Union, Japan, Mexico, and New Zealand. Multilateralism should be preserved, with or without the US.

Trump’s trade war will not succeed in driving China to abandon its aspiration to catch up to the advanced economies. China is ready to fight a war of attrition. Unfortunately, both sides – as well as the rest of the world – will incur heavy losses in the process.